Solar energy systems made of components
The module structure is designed to protect the solar cells from the environment. It consists of a series of layers to protect the circuit of the photovoltaic solar cells and to make the module easy to install. The materials used in these layers determine the cost and durability of the modules.
The solar cells themselves and their circuitry are completely encased in plastic. A front layer of tempered glass, which covers the solar cells, provides high transparency and low absorption. It is also tempered for strength in order to reduce the effects of falling trees or hail. The multilayer backsheet protects the plastic and cells from abrasions and prevents moisture from entering the module.
An edge seal is applied to protect the edges of the glass from the infiltration of dirt, water or other harmful substances. The metal frame is secured around the entire glass laminate. The metal frame gives the module rigidity and strength and allows the modules to be attached to a mounting system. Common Types of Solar Module Design
There are three basic designs of solar modules. The first is the standard framework module that you may have experienced in the past. This design approach has been used for 30 years and typically involves an aluminum frame that allows the modules to be mounted on a track structure of some sort which is then attached directly to the ceiling. The modules sit above the roof surface, providing space for air to flow under the module, helping to cool the system and making it work more efficiently.
At the same time, rainwater, leaves, twigs, and other debris can also flow under the solar panels. The track structure is attached to the roof by means of posts that are secured to the roof joists with long lag screws. This method is appropriate for most roof types, including ceramic shingles, wood shingles, and asphalt. The roof is hermetically sealed after the studs are installed to prevent any chance of leakage.
Modified metal frame for a ground mount module design
This module design can also be mounted on a ground-based frame structure. Such a structure can be built on any stable ground, can be made of metal or wood, and can support the modules at any tilt angle or azimuth orientation (note: see previous articles related to solar angles). Ground mounting can also be pole structure to reduce foundation work for your home. It can be stationary (meaning not have a small motor to constantly orient the solar panel to the sun as it sweeps across the sky) or it can use a small motor to track the sun throughout the day and year.
Residential Roof-Integrated Solar Power Modules
A second type of module design is one that allows the module to be integrated into residential roofing materials. Systems that connect directly to roofing materials (ie replace shingles or lay flat on roof boards) are called integrated solar modules. The module frame design is modified to have the same profile as the neighboring flat concrete tiles. The modules are not mounted on a rail structure, but are fixed directly to the ceiling surface. This low profile mount allows the module to blend in with the look of the roof and avoids the modified appearance of standard mounted solar modules.
The appearance of this more attractive roof integrated product has encouraged many production home builders to incorporate solar systems into their projects. This type blends into roofing materials and is attached directly to the roof surface.
Types Integrated photovoltaic solar panels
One is the monocrystalline fluted frame design offered by some existing manufacturers. These photovoltaic panels are becoming more efficient and integrate well into the roof structure. These solar cells use the same crystalline silicon technology as today’s standard modules. This setup has more mounting frame with fewer series connected solar cells. The result can be a solar system that is slightly more expensive. Because roof-integrated systems mount directly to the roof, they don’t have the airflow of standard modules, so the temperature of the solar cell rises, limiting its efficiency.
The other integrated solar cell product offered by UNISOLAR is a flexible amorphous technology. This type of solar panel is called a thin film, solar sheet, or nano-solar. It is made to blend in with an asphalt shingle roof. It’s a bit less efficient, tends to degrade faster, and can have a shorter viable live spam. The manufacturer claims that this module is better in heavily shaded situations.
Solar Power Options Hitting Rooftops Everywhere
It’s encouraging to see new solar power systems come to market with improved technology, better integration options, and less complexity. It will take time to work out the bugs with these cutting edge products. With new technology, we think comes (hopefully) a lower cost of ownership. This should improve the use of home solar power systems around the world. It will be innovative financing options that allow owners to use technology that will spark explosive growth.
New solar energy technologies are on the market. Exciting investments and technology proofs of concept are everywhere. It’s hard to refute the good, faithful, and well-established silicon-based solar cells. These systems have a useful life of 30 years and have been in active use for decades. The only impediment, so far, has been the high price of the systems. With the option to lease the entire solar energy system, including ongoing maintenance of the system for up to 25 years, the options that homeowners now have regarding the adoption of renewable energy in their homes are very exciting.